Oge echere ịgụ oge: 19 nkeji
Okwu Mmalite
Ekwenyere m na iji nri ketogenic dị ka ọgwụgwọ maka nsogbu iji ọgwụ eme ihe nwere ike bụrụ nke ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na ebe ọgwụgwọ anaghị eji ya eme ihe nke ọma. Echere m na nke a bụ nsogbu nwere ike ime. Enwere nnukwu ihe gbasara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na-ebute nsogbu iji ihe eme ihe? Kpamkpam. M na-atụ aro na psychotherapy na nkwado mmadụ adịghị mkpa? Mba. Echere m na ha nwere ike ịba uru. Mana ndị ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ na ndị ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ, na n'eziokwu, ndị ọzọ niile na-agba ọsọ ebe a na-agwọ ọrịa maka mgbake riri ahụ, kwesịrị ịghọta n'ezie ka nri ketogenic nwere ike isi meziwanye ohere ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịgbake na nsogbu iji ọgwụ eme ihe.
Enwere ụfọdụ sayensị dị mma na-egosi ka nri ketogenic nwere ike isi nyere aka na mgbake site na iri ahụ. Yabụ, edere edemede a ọ bụghị naanị maka onye ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ, ọkachamara riri ahụ, ma ọ bụ ọkachamara ahụike uche ndị ọzọ jikọrọ aka na-achọ ịkwalite ogidi ndu nke usoro omume biopsychosocial ha. Edebeghị ya naanị maka MD ma ọ bụ onye ọzọ na-edepụta ọgwụ ọtụtụ ọgwụ anyị na-eji nyere ndị mmadụ aka ibelata agụụ ma ọ bụ jikwaa mmetụta mwepu dịka akụkụ nke mgbake ha. Edekwara akụkọ a maka onye na-arịa ọrịa iji ọgwụ eme ihe na ndị hụrụ ha n'anya.
Anyị ga-amụta banyere mgbanwe pathological na ụbụrụ nke anyị na-ahụ na nsogbu iji ihe eji eme ihe, ka nri ketogenic nwere ike isi bụrụ ọgwụgwọ, na ụfọdụ ọnwụnwa ụlọ ọgwụ na-akpali akpali nke, n'oge ederede a, na-ewe ndị sonyere. N'ikpeazụ, anyị ga-ewebata ụfọdụ nsogbu ndị nwere ike, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị n'akwụkwọ akụkọ n'oge a, ọ ga-adị mkpa ka a mụọkwuo ya dị ka nri ketogenic dị ka ọgwụgwọ maka nsogbu iji ihe na-eme ihe na-aghọwanye amara na ịnweta.
Iweghachi ume ụbụrụ: nri ketogenic na nsogbu iji ihe eme ihe
Amara oke mmanya na-aba n'anya na-agbanwe ka ụbụrụ si eji mmanụ ọkụ. Enwere mgbanwe site na glucose gaa na acetate, mmanya metabolite. N'ime ndị nwere nsogbu ịṅụ mmanya na-aba n'anya, mgbanwe a na-aga n'ihu karịa oge ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè wee ghọọ mmanụ ọkụ anabatara nke ụbụrụ na-atụ anya ma na-emegharị ya. N'ime nsogbu ịṅụ mmanya na-aba n'anya (AUD), enwere ọnọdụ na-adịghị ala ala na nke na-adịgide adịgide nke ụbụrụ glucose dị ala yana nnukwu acetate metabolism. Nke a abụghị ozi ọhụrụ. Anyị maara na metabolism metabolism na-emebi emebi na mmanya na-aba n'anya kemgbe 1966 mgbe Roach na ndị ọrụ ibe ha bipụtara aro mbụ ha na metabolism glucose na-adịghị mma nwere ike ịbụ ihe na-akpata mmanya na-aba n'anya.
Mgbe mmadụ na-ewepụ mmanya na-aba n'anya ma kwụsị ịṅụ mmanya na-aba n'anya, ụbụrụ ya na-akwụsị inweta mmanụ ọ na-atụ anya ma kwadebere ya.
Ya mere, anyị na-eche na ọnọdụ adịghị ike nke ụbụrụ na ụbụrụ na-apụta n'oge ịṅụ mmanya na-aba n'anya mgbe ọkwa acetate dị na plasma na-ebelata na nke a na-enye aka na nkwụsị nke mgbaàmà na neurotoxicity na ndị ọrịa nwere AUD.
Wiers, CE, Vendruscolo, LF, Van der Veen, JW, Manza, P., Shokri-Kojori, E., Kroll, DS, … & Volkow, ND (2021). Nri ketogenic na-ebelata akara ngosi mmịnye mmanya n'ime mmadụ yana ịṅụ mmanya na-aba n'anya na òké. Ọganihu Sayensị, 7(15), eabf6780.
Kedu ihe kpatara ụbụrụ ndị aṅụrụma anaghị agbanwe agbanwe na metabolism metabolism? Ndị nyocha ahụ ekwughị, mana m ga-eche na igwe ahụ na-agbada ma ọ bụ mebie ya n'ihi oke nrụgide oxidative nke na-eme na gburugburu ebe nsogbu iji ihe eme ihe.
Ọ bụghị naanị na anyị na-ahụ mmebi a na metabolism metabolism na mmanya na-aba n'anya. Ọ bụkwa okwu gbasara ojiji opioid.
Ọgwụgwọ Morphine nwere ike belata-nhazi ọkwa ngosipụta nke ụfọdụ enzymes metabolic, gụnyere PDH, LDH, na NADH, wee si otú a na-emebi metabolism ike.
Jiang, X., Li, J., & Ma, L. (2007). Enzymes metabolic na-ejikọta mwepu morphine na nsogbu metabolic. Nnyocha cell, 17(9), 741-743. Jiang, X., Li, J. & Ma, L. Metabolic enzymes jikọtara mwepu morphine na nsogbu metabolic. Cell Res 17, 741-743 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/cr.2007.75
Ọgwụgwọ Morphine, dịka ọmụmaatụ, nwere ike wedata ọkwa ngosipụta nke ụfọdụ enzymes metabolic, gụnyere PDH, LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), na NADH. Usoro mgbada a nwere ike imebi metabolism ike nke glucose na ụbụrụ. PDH, karịsịa, dị oké mkpa maka ịtụgharị pyruvate ka ọ bụrụ acetyl-CoA, na nkwụsịtụ na ọrụ ya nwere ike imetụta mmepụta ume sitere na glucose.
Ndị na-arụ ọrụ methamphetamine bụ ndị kemgbe ahụ na-apụ na-egosipụtakwa akụkụ ụbụrụ hypometabolism.
Na mmechi, anyị na-akọ na ndị ọrụ MA abstinent ebelatala rCMRglc na ihe ọcha n'ihu yana arụrụ ọrụ onye isi n'ihu…
Kim, S., Lyoo, I., Hwang, J. et al. Hypometabolism Glucose n'ihu n'ime ndị ọrụ methamphetamine abstinent. Neuropsychopharmacol 30, 1383-1391 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1300699
Ahụ ketone, gụnyere beta-hydroxybutyrate na acetoacetate, pụrụ iche na ikike ha ịgafe mgbochi ụbụrụ ọbara na mkpụrụ ndụ ụbụrụ jiri ya mee ihe. Ha nwere ikike ịgafe igwe na-anata glucose agbajiri agbaji. N'otu oge na ụbụrụ, a na-atụgharị ketones ka ọ bụrụ acetyl-CoA, nke na-abanye na okirikiri citric acid iji mepụta ATP, nke bụ ike ụbụrụ nwere ike iji mee ihe. O nwere ike ịbụ na ị nụla na ụbụrụ chọrọ ike dị ukwuu, na nke ahụ bụ eziokwu. Ọ na-achọ nnukwu ume naanị iji nọgide na-arụ ọrụ ụbụrụ. Ketones bụ ebe nnapụta zuru oke maka mpaghara ụbụrụ ghọrọ hypometabolic na nsogbu iji ihe eme ihe na enweghịzi ike iji glucose rụọ ọrụ nke ọma.
Nsonaazụ ndị a na-egosi na ketones bụ ihe kachasị mma maka ụbụrụ ike maka ụbụrụ n'ihi na ha na-abanye n'ụbụrụ dịka ntinye uche ha na plasma ha n'agbanyeghị agbanyeghị nnweta glucose; Ọ bụrụ na ketones na-egbo mkpa ume nke ụbụrụ ụbụrụ, nnabata glucose na-ebelata ya.
Cunnane, SC, Courchesne-Loyer, A., Vandenberghe, C., St-Pierre, V., Fortier, M., Hennebelle, M., … & Castellano, CA (2016). Ketone nwere ike inye aka napụta mmanụ ọkụ ụbụrụ n'oge ndụ? Mmetụta maka ahụike uche n'oge ịka nká na ọgwụgwọ ọrịa Alzheimer. N'ihu na molekul neuroscience, 53. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2016.00053
Nyere ihe ịga nke ọma nke nri ketogenic n'ịgbasa ụbụrụ hypometabolism na ọrịa neurodegenerative, ọ bụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya ịtụle uru ha nwere na nsogbu iji ihe eji eme ihe (SUDs). Mmetụta akwara ozi nke SUDs na-ekerịta myirịta na ndị a hụrụ na ọrịa uche na ọrịa akwara ozi, (nke na-anabatakwa nri ketogenic nke ọma) ma na-atụ aro na nri ketogenic nwere ike ịnye ụzọ ọhụụ iji kwado metabolism ike ụbụrụ.
Site n'ịgbanwe isi ike nke ụbụrụ n'ụzọ dị otú a, nri ketogenic yiri ka ọ na-ebelata ike ike dị na ụbụrụ nke na-apụta n'oge mmanya na-egbu egbu. Kedu ihe nke a pụtara maka ndị na-agbalị ịgbake? Na nsogbu ịṅụ mmanya na-aba n'anya, anyị maara na ọ pụtara na a na-ebelata mgbaàmà nkwụsị na ọchịchọ.
Ihe dị ezigbo mkpa na ọgwụgwọ.
Na SUD ndị ọzọ na-egosi akụkụ nke ụbụrụ hypometabolism, m nzọ na ọ na-eme ka ị na-eche otú nri ketogenic ga-esi nyere ha aka.
Neuroinflammation na ihe eji eme ihe: Otu nri Ketogenic na-enye enyemaka
Neuroinflammation na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mmepe na ọganihu nke nsogbu iji ihe eji eme ihe (SUDs) nwere mmetụta siri ike na ọrụ ọgụgụ isi yana na-ebute mgbanwe nje na akụkụ ụbụrụ. N'ime ndị nwere nsogbu iji ọgwụ eme ihe, akụkụ ụfọdụ nke usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ nwere ike ịmalite imebiga ihe ókè ma bute mbufụt na ụbụrụ. Mfụfụ a nwere ike ịbawanye ọkwa nke mgbaàmà kpọmkwem na ahụ nke na-enye aka na mbufụt, dị ka TNF-α, IL-1, na IL-6.
Nke a dị mkpa maka ọgwụgwọ n'ihi na mbufụt na ụbụrụ nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị ukwuu n'otú ụbụrụ si arụ ọrụ, nke a pụkwara imetụta echiche, mmetụta, na àgwà mmadụ. Maka ndị nwere nsogbu iji ọgwụ eme ihe, mbufụt a nwere ike itinye aka na agụụ ma mee ka ọ sie ike ịkwụsị iji ihe. Ọ nwekwara ike imetụta ebe nchekwa, ime mkpebi, na ụkpụrụ mmetụta uche, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-esiri ike ịnagide nrụgide na ihe ndị ọzọ na-akpata nke nwere ike iduga nlọghachi azụ. Mfụfụ ụbụrụ nwere ike ime ka njem mgbake ahụ sie ike karị site n'imetụta ikike mmadụ iche echiche nke ọma, mee mkpebi dị mma, na ịchịkwa ọchịchọ na mmetụta uche.
N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, nkwụsịtụ nke mgbaàmà na-abịa site na mbufụt ụbụrụ a na-achịkwaghị achịkwa na-emetụta otú ụbụrụ si arụ ọrụ ma na-enye aka na mgbaàmà na ọganihu nke nsogbu iji ihe eme ihe. Cytokines na-egbuke egbuke nke ụdị anyị na-ahụ na nsogbu ndị a nwere ike ịkpata mgbanwe na-adịgide adịgide na basal ganglia na dopamine (DA), nke enweghị obi ụtọ, ike ọgwụgwụ, na psychomotor na-ebelata. Ọ nwekwara ike bụrụ ihe enyemaka na-eduga n'ibelata nzaghachi akwara ozi na ụgwọ ọrụ hedonic, mbelata DA metabolites, ịba ụba iweghachite, na mbelata ntụgharị nke presynaptic DA. Nzaghachi mkpasu iwe ndị a nwere ike itinye aka na ụgwọ ọrụ ọgwụ na-ebute na nlọghachi ọgwụ.
Basal ganglia na dopamine (DA) bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke sistemụ ụgwọ ọrụ ụbụrụ, nke na-ahụ maka mmetụta nke ụtọ na mkpali.
Mgbe mpaghara ndị a na-emetụta mbufụt, ọ nwere ike imebi ọrụ nkịtị nke usoro ụgwọ ọrụ. Ha na-eduga na enweghị obi ụtọ site na mmemme ndị na-atọbu ụtọ (anhedonia), ike ọgwụgwụ ahụ na-ebelatakwa mkpali mmadụ itinye aka na mmemme ndị na-atọ ụtọ. Anyị niile ahụla onwe anyị ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ nwere SUD na-ata ahụhụ n'ụzọ dị otú a mgbe ha nwara ịkwụsị iji.
Achọghị m ka ị chee na nhụjuanya na-aga n'ihu na nsogbu iji ọgwụ eme ihe bụ ihe niile gbasara dopamine. Ọ dị mkpa ịghọta na basal ganglia na-etinyekwa aka na cognition na mmetụta uche. Mbufụt nwere ike imetụta usoro ndị a, na-enye aka na adịghị ike nghọta na mmetụta uche anyị na-ahụ na ndị na-arịa ọrịa ndị a.
Achọghị m ịhapụ gị n'echiche na nsogbu ịṅụ mmanya na-aba n'anya bụ naanị nsogbu iji ihe na-eme ka neuroinflammation na-adịghị ala ala. Ụbụrụ nwere nsogbu iji ihe ndị ọzọ eme ihe (SUDs) ma e wezụga nsogbu ịṅụ mmanya na-aba n'anya (AUD) nwekwara ike igosi ihe mgbaàmà nke mbufụt. E gosipụtara ọtụtụ ihe eji eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi, dị ka opioids, cocaine, na methamphetamine, na akwụkwọ nyocha iji mụbaa neuroinflammation.
N'ụzọ dị mma, egosila nri ketogenic (KD) ka ọ rụọ ọrụ neuroprotective na SUD site na ibelata neuroinflammation.
Ndị mmadụ na AUD ndị na-agbaso nri ketogenic (KD) - nri dị elu na abụba na obere carbohydrates - gosipụtara ọkwa dị ala nke akara ndị a na-egbuke egbuke ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị na-agbaso nri nri America (SA). Nke a na-egosi na KD nwere ike ịdị irè n'ibelata mbufụt nke ụbụrụ.
E wezụga ịbụ ike ike, KBs na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka ndị mgbasa ozi nrịbama intracellular, nke na-ekere òkè na nrịbama nke intracellular ma na-achịkwa neuroinflammation ozugbo ma ọ bụ na-apụtaghị ìhè, karịsịa βHB.
Jiang, Z., Yin, X., Wang, M., Chen, T., Wang, Y., Gao, Z., & Wang, Z. (2022). Mmetụta nke nri ketogenic na neuroinflammation na ọrịa neurodegenerative. Ịka nká na ọrịa, 13(4), 1146. https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2021.1217
Metabolism bụ usoro na-adịghị mma. Karịsịa ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-adabere na mmanụ ọkụ dị ka glucose. Nri ketogenic na-agbanwe metabolism site na ịdabere na glucose gaa na iji ketones dị ka isi iyi ike, nke pụtara mbelata mmepụta nke ndị mgbasa ozi pro-inflammatory na mmụba dị oke mkpa na mmepụta nke ndị mgbasa ozi mgbochi mkpali. Metabolism nke Ketone bụ “dị ọcha,” na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị mma nke ROS, ma na-emepụta obere mmebi maka ụbụrụ na-alụ ọgụ.
Nri ketogenic nwekwara mmetụta mgbochi mkpali kpọmkwem nke dị ike n'ezie. Ha na-eme nke a site n'ịgbanwe ụzọ mgbaàmà mkpali dị iche iche. Otu ihe atụ bụ ikike nke nri iji gbochie ụzọ NF-κB ma belata mmepụta nke cytokines pro-inflammatory dị ka tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) na interleukin-6 (IL-6), nke na-etinye aka na ya. nzaghachi mkpali.
βHB nwere ike jikọta na HCA2 iji gbochie mmepụta nke cytokines pro-inflammatory na enzymes site na ụzọ NF-κB na microglia bụ isi na-arụ ọrụ na βHB ma kpalie ya na lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Jiang, Z., Yin, X., Wang, M., Chen, T., Wang, Y., Gao, Z., & Wang, Z. (2022). Mmetụta nke nri ketogenic na neuroinflammation na ọrịa neurodegenerative. Ịka nká na ọrịa, 13(4), 1146. https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2021.1217
Microbiome gut na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịchịkwa mbufụt. Ụfọdụ nje bacteria nwere ike ịmepụta metabolites nwere mmetụta mgbochi mkpali, ebe ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịmepụta metabolites nwere mmetụta pro-inflammatory. Nri ketogenic bụ nke ama ama n'eziokwu maka ike ya ịgbanwe ihe mejupụtara microbiome gut, na-emetụta mmepụta nke metabolites ndị a ma mechaa na-agbanwe mbufụt. E gosiputara nri a na-abawanye ụba nke nje bacteria bara uru nke na-emepụta acid fatty acids (SCFAs) dị mkpụmkpụ iji nyere aka mepụta mmetụta mgbochi mkpali.
Mbelata na mbufụt nwere mmetụta kpọmkwem na ọkwa nke nrụgide oxidative nke ụbụrụ ga-adịrịrị, nke na-ewetara anyị na ngalaba na-esote nke isiokwu a. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ntakịrị mgbagwoju anya banyere ọdịiche dị n'etiti mbufụt na nrụgide oxidative na otu esi ejikọta ha, ana m akwado nke ọma isiokwu a iji nyere aka kpochapụ ya tupu ị gaa n'ihu na ịgụ akwụkwọ ya.
Na-alụso nrụgide Oxidative ọgụ na arụrụ arụ Mitochondrial: Ọrụ nchekwa nke nri Ketogenic na nsogbu iji ọgwụ eme ihe.
Nchegbu Oxidative na-eme mgbe enweghị ahaghị nhata n'etiti mmepụta nke ROS na ike nke anụ ahụ iji kpochapụ ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị a na-emerụ ahụ. A na-akpọ nguzozi dị n'etiti mmepụta ụdị oxygen na-emeghachi omume (ROS) na ikike ahụ nwere ijikwa mmebi ha na-akpata bụ nrụgide oxidative.
Anyị na-ahụ nrụgide oxidative na nsogbu iji ihe eme ihe? Ị nzọ na anyị na-eme!
Nyocha anyị gosiri na ndị nwere SUD na-egosi akara oxidant dị elu yana akara antioxidant dị ala karịa njikwa ahụike.
Viola, TW, Orso, R., Florian, LF, Garcia, MG, Gomes, MGS, Mardini, EM, … & Grassi-Oliveira, R. (2023). Mmetụta nke nsogbu iji ihe eme ihe na akara oxidative na antioxidative: nyocha usoro na meta-analysis. Ọgwụ ndị na-eri ahụ, 28(1), e13254. https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.13254
Yabụ, ọ bụ ihe na-agba ume ịmara na nri ketogenic nwere mmetụta dị mma na sistemu nchekwa antioxidant nke anụ ahụ, gụnyere nkwalite nke superoxide dismutase (SOD2). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) bụ ezinụlọ nke enzymes na-eme ka mgbanwe nke superoxide banye oxygen na hydrogen peroxide. Ọ bụghị ihe mgbagwoju anya, SOD2 (aka MnSOD) bụ ụdị SOD nke bi na mitochondria, na ọrụ ya dum bụ ichebe mitochondria site na nrụgide oxidative. Yabụ, site n'ịkwalite SOD2, nri ketogenic na-enyere aka detoxify radicals superoxide, nke bụ isi iyi nke nrụgide oxidative, ma chekwaa ọrụ mitochondrial.
Dị ka a ga - asị na nke ahụ amachaghị nke ọma, egosila nri ketogenic na-abawanye mmepụta nke glutathione. Glutathione bụ antioxidant dị ike nke ahụ gị mepụtara nke na-eme ka ị nwee nchebe cellular megide nrụgide oxidative.
Glutathione nwere amino acid atọ: cysteine, glycine na glutamate. Ọ nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ! Ọ na-enyere aka n'iwepụ nsị nke ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ, na-edozi nguzozi redox cell, na nchebe nke mkpụrụ ndụ site na mmebi nke radicals free na peroxides kpatara.
NADPH, n'aka nke ọzọ, bụ coenzyme nke na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na metabolism nke ahụ. Ọ na-etinye aka na biosynthesis nke fatty acids na steroid, yana na mweghachi nke glutathione. Mmụba na NADPH na-eme ka a nweta coenzyme a zuru oke iji kwado usoro nchebe antioxidant nke ahụ. Ọ dịkwa otu a na nyocha achọpụtala na nri ketogenic na-emezi mmụba na NADPH.
Ọnụ, ihe ndị a na-arụ ọrụ synergistically ịmepụta usoro nchebe siri ike nke na-enyere aka ịnọgide na-eguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke cellular ma gbochie mmebi site na nrụgide oxidative, na-eme ka usoro ndị dị n'okpuru nke nri ketogenic na-enyere ndị nwere SUD aka. Site n'ịkwalite ikike antioxidant ha na ichebe megide mmebi oxidative, nri ketogenic na-enye aka n'inye ọkwa nchebe nke nkà mmụta ọgwụ ugbu a enweghị ike.
Na mgbakwunye na mmetụta ndị a na-adọrọ adọrọ na antioxidants, nri ketogenic na-emekwa ka ọrụ mitochondrial dịkwuo mma ma na-ebelata nrụgide oxidative. Nri na-akpali ọtụtụ ụzọ, na-akwalite protein ndị dị mkpa na-etinye aka na sistemu phosphorylation oxidative, okirikiri Krebs, na oxidation fatty acid. Nke a na-eduga n'ịbawanye ọrụ mitochondrial n'ozuzu yana, kpọmkwem, mmụba nke protein mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCPs), nke na-echebe mitochondria site na mmerụ ahụ na-adịghị mma.
Mmụba a na UCPs, yana nkwalite nke peroxisome proliferator-activated γ (PPARγ) coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), na-akwado ahụike na ọrụ mitochondrial. Ọ bụrụ na ịmaghị ihe ofe mkpụrụedemede ahụ pụtara, echegbula. Isi okwu ya bụ PPARγ na PGC-1a bụ ụdị ihe odide ederede abụọ, nke pụtara na ha bụ protein na-enyere aka ịgbanye ma ọ bụ gbanyụọ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kpọmkwem site na ijikọ na DNA dị nso. Ihe dị mma bụ na ha bụ ndị modulators dị ike nke nrụgide oxidative. Mgbe arụ ọrụ ya, PPARγ nwere ike ịbawanye okwu nke enzymes antioxidant ma belata mmepụta nke cytokines pro-inflammatory, si otú a na-enye aka na mbelata nrụgide oxidative na mbufụt n'ime ahụ. PGC-1a na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-achịkwa usoro antioxidant iji hụ na ihe nchebe antioxidant dị njikere imeri nrụgide ọ bụla oxidative nwere ike ibili.
Ma eleghị anya ị gaghị ekwere m mgbe m na-agwa gị na e nwere usoro ọzọ nke Ketogenic diets (KD) na-enye aka na-echekwa nrụgide oxidative. Egosiputala ha ka ha gbanwee ogo adenosine na ụbụrụ, na-enye mmetụta neuroprotective na antiepileptogenic. Adenosine bụ neurotransmitter dị mkpa nke na-enyere aka igbochi ọdịdọ ma chebe ụbụrụ pụọ na mmebi. Site n'ịbawanye ọkwa adenosine, KD na-eme ka usoro nchebe nke ụbụrụ dịkwuo mma ma na-echebe site na nrụgide akwara ozi, na-agbakwunye akwa ọzọ na uru dị iche iche nke KD na ịlụso nrụgide oxidative ọgụ na ịkwado ụbụrụ na-agbalị ịgbake na SUD.
Ndị Neurotransmitters na Sistemụ Nkwụghachi ụgwọ na SUDs: Iwu nhazi nke Ketogenic Diet
Nsogbu iji ihe eme ihe (SUDs) bụ ọnọdụ dị mgbagwoju anya na-agụnye njikọta nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, gburugburu ebe obibi na neurobiological. Anyị maara na usoro ụgwọ ọrụ ụbụrụ na-ekere òkè na mmepe na mmezi nke SUD. Neurotransmitters (NTs) bụ ndị ozi kemịkalụ na-ebunye akara na-ebufe usoro ụgwọ ọrụ na ụbụrụ, na mgbanwe na sistemụ ndị ahụ nwere ike itinye aka na mmepe nke SUD.
Iri ahụ riri ahụ bụ usoro bụ isi nke na-ebute nsogbu iji ọgwụ eme ihe, na nyocha iji ụdị anụmanụ na ụmụ mmadụ ekpughere nghọta dị mkpa na sekit akwara na ụmụ irighiri ihe na-eme ka ahụ riri ahụ.
Kalin, NH (2020). Nsogbu iji ihe eji eme ihe na ihe riri ahụ: usoro, ọnọdụ, na mmetụta ọgwụgwọ. Akwụkwọ akụkọ American Journal of Psychiatry, 177(11), 1015-1018. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20091382
Anyị atụleworị Dopamine (DA) n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke akụkọ a, mana m na-ewelite ya ọzọ na mkparịta ụka banyere ọrụ ya na mmalite nke ihe riri ahụ n'ihi na ọ dị oke egwu na mmetụta na-akwụghachi ụgwọ dị ukwuu nke ihe. Ka ojiji ihe na-aga n'ihu, amụma glutamatergic na-apụtawanye ìhè. Glutamate, NT bụ isi na-akpali akpali na ụbụrụ, na-etinye aka na mgbanwe neuroplasticity nke na-ebelata uru nke ụgwọ ọrụ eke, na-ebelata njikwa ọgụgụ isi, ma kwalite àgwà ịchọ ọgwụ ike. Dysregulation nke glutamate homeostasis bụ isi ihe neurometabolic nke SUDs.
A ga-edozi ụfọdụ glutamate n'ime onye na-ebugharị GABA inhibitory, mana mgbanwe na usoro GABAergic nke a na-ahụkarị na SUD nwere ike ime ka nchekasị na nchekasị dịkwuo elu, na-eme ka nsogbu ahụ ka njọ. Nke a na-emeghasịkwa ọkwa n'ozuzu nke ọrụ mgbochi n'ụbụrụ, dị oke mkpa maka idobe nguzozi n'etiti mkpali na mgbochi, na-enye aka na iji ọgwụ eme ihe na-emebi emebi. Usoro NT ndị ọzọ, dị ka serotonin, epinephrine, na norepinephrine, na-akpaghasịkwa na SUDs, na-eduga n'ịbawanye nchekasị na nchekasị na-enye aka na usoro nke riri ahụ.
Ọzọkwa, ọtụtụ mmetụta nri ketogenic nwere ike inye olileanya. Site n'ịgbanwe ọkwa nke NT ndị a na ime ka ụbụrụ ike dị ike, nri ketogenic nwere ike inye aka weghachite nguzozi na sekit ụgwọ ọrụ ụbụrụ ma belata agụụ maka ihe mmetọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, egosiri na nri ahụ na-abawanye ọrụ GABA, nke nwere ike inye aka belata nchekasị na nchekasị ma melite ọnọdụ. E gosikwara na ọ ga-agbanwe ọkwa glutamate, serotonin, na dopamine, nke nwere ike ime ka ọnọdụ dị jụụ ma belata ndakpọ mmetụta uche nke a na-ahụkarị na SUDs.
Kedu ka o si eme nke a? Anyị amaghị nke ọma, mana anyị maara na nri ketogenic nwere mmetụta na njikwa eletrik nke ụbụrụ na neurons, nke metụtara kpọmkwem na arụ ọrụ nke sistemụ neurotransmitter. Njikwa eletrik na neurons dị mkpa maka ọrụ ụbụrụ nkịtị ma na-emepụta site na ọwa ion na ndị na-anabata synapti. Ọrụ eletriki ndị a bụ usoro dị mkpa nke na-eme ka ntọhapụ na nnabata nke neurotransmitters na synapses.
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe ikike ime ihe ruru synapse, ọ na-akpalite ntọhapụ nke neurotransmitters, nke na-ejikọta ya na ndị na-anabata synapti na neuron postsynapti. Njikọ a na-eduga ná mgbanwe na ike akpụkpọ ahụ yana nrịbama eletrik ọzọ. Ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma nke usoro a dị oké mkpa maka ụgwọ ọrụ ụgwọ ọrụ nke ụbụrụ, nke na-emekarị dysregulated na SUDs.
Nri na-emetụta ndị na-ahụ maka eletriki na ụbụrụ, gụnyere ATP-sensitive K + channels, chanel Ca2 + voltaji dabere, AMPA-ụdị glutamate receptors, na adenosine A1 receptors, n'etiti ndị ọzọ. Ekwela ka okwu ndị a mara mma ị nwere ike ma ọ bụ na ị maghị dọpụ uche gị. Ndị a bụ ndị na-achịkwa ike nke na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ iji kpalite mgbochi neuronal na imeziwanye mmiri nke membranes cell, na-eduga na nrịbama neurotransmitter na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Nke a bụ otu n'ime ụzọ mmetụta nke nri ketogenic metụtara arụ ọrụ nke sistemu neurotransmitter, na-enyere aka hụ na ntọhapụ kwesịrị ekwesị na nnabata nke neurotransmitters na synapses.
Yabụ, mgbe m na-agwa gị na nri ketogenic na-enye ụzọ dị iche iche iji gboo nsogbu NT na arụrụ ọrụ nke a na-ahụ na SUDs, ị gaghị, n'oge a, iju gị anya. Ihe akaebe na-eto eto na-akwado uru nke nri ketogenic n'ịgwọ ọrịa akwara ozi na ọnọdụ uche ndị ọzọ na-emesi ike ya n'ịgbasa mgbagwoju anya nke NT dysfunctions na SUDs.
mmechi
Ọ bụrụ na gị ma ọ bụ onye ị hụrụ n'anya na-arịa SUD, ị maara ibu ọ na-etinye n'ahụ ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu, ezinụlọ na ọha mmadụ n'ozuzu ya. Ọ na-adị mkpa ka anyị nyochaa ma mejuputa mmemme dị irè nke nwere ike ime mgbanwe n'ezie na ndụ ndị ahụ metụtara. Nri ketogenic, yana mmetụta ya n'ọtụtụ akụkụ na ụbụrụ, na-enye olileanya. Ọ bụghị naanị mgbanwe nri, kama ọ bụ ngwá ọrụ ọgwụgwọ siri ike nke nwere ike ileba anya na mgbọrọgwụ physiological nke SUD ma kwado mgbake na-adịgide adịgide.
Ya mere, ọ bụ arụmụka m na a ga-enye nri ketogenic dị ka akụkụ ọkọlọtọ nke ọgwụgwọ na ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụgwọ riri ahụ ọ bụla. Ọzọkwa, ọ dị mkpa na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na ndị ndụmọdụ riri ahụ na-enweta ọzụzụ na-aga n'ihu na uru na mmejuputa nri ketogenic na ọgwụgwọ SUDs. Nke a ga-ahụ na ha jikere nke ọma inye ndị ọrịa ha aka a bara uru, n'ikpeazụ na-enye aka na nsonaazụ na-aga nke ọma na ọgwụgwọ SUDs.
Nri ketogenic na-anọchi anya mgbanwe paradaịm na ụzọ anyị si emeso SUDs. Site n'ịkọba ihe na-adịghị mma nke metabolic na dysfunctions nke na-enye aka na mmepe na mmezi nke SUDs, nri ketogenic na-enye ntinye aka zuru oke na nke dị irè nke nwere ike ime mgbanwe n'ezie na ndụ ndị ahụ metụtara. Ọ bụ olile anya m na isiokwu a na-akọwapụta usoro a dabere na ihe akaebe ga-enyere aka na ngbanwe ya na ntinye aka na ọkọlọtọ nlekọta maka SUDs, n'ikpeazụ na-enye aka na ọdịnihu dị mma maka ndị na-agbasi mgba ike.
Ọ bụrụ na gị, ma ọ bụ onye ị hụrụ n'anya, ga-achọ isonye na ule ụlọ ọgwụ na-ewe ndị ebe a:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Substance%20Use%20Disorder&intr=Ketogenic%20Diet
Mana echela na ị ga-echere ka nnwale ụlọọgwụ ga-erite uru. Ị nwere ike ịtụ anya ịchọta ebe ọgwụgwọ dị gị nso (ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị dị gị nso) site na iji nri ketogenic maka ọrịa na-eme ihe (SUD), ma ọ bụ ị nwere ike ịchịkọta ndị otu ọgwụgwọ nke gị site n'aka ndị na-ahụ maka ọgwụgwọ metabolic ketogenic dị ugbu a, ndị ọkachamara ahụike uche, na ndị dọkịta. ọkachamara nwere ike inye aka na ndenye ọgwụ.
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Kedu otu m ga-esi chọta ebe a na-agwọ ọrịa n'akụkụ m nke jikọtara Keto? Daalụ
Ndewo Katherine, amaghị m nke ọ bụla! Ma enwere m olileanya na mmadụ ga-emepụta ndepụta ka ha na-amalite ịpụta. Ma ị nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ na onye ọkachamara n'otu n'otu tupu ma ọ bụ n'oge mgbake. Ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụgwọ ga-adị mma, ma ịchọta onye na-ede akwụkwọ maara mmetụta nke nri ketogenic na-arụ ọrụ na onye nwere ike inyere aka kpọmkwem na nri nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma.